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Evidence for occurrence of an organophosphate‐resistant type of acetylcholinesterase in strains of sea lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer)
Author(s) -
Fallang Anders,
Ramsay Jennifer Mara,
Sevatdal Sigmund,
Burka John F,
Jewess Philip,
Hammell K Larry,
Horsberg Tor E
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.932
Subject(s) - lepeophtheirus , organophosphate , biology , dichlorvos , acetylcholinesterase , pesticide , pesticide resistance , zoology , toxicology , fishery , fish <actinopterygii> , ecology , enzyme , aquaculture , biochemistry
Abstract Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the target of a major pesticide family, the organophosphates, which were extensively used as control agents of sea lice on farmed salmonids in the early 1990s. From the mid‐1990s the organophosphates dichlorvos and azamethiphos were seriously compromised by the development of resistance. AChE insensitive to organophosphate chemotherapeutants has been identified as a major resistance mechanism in numerous arthropod species, and in this study, target‐site resistance was confirmed in the crustacean Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer isolated from several fish‐farming areas in Norway and Canada. A bimolecular rate assay demonstrated the presence of two AChE enzymes with different sensitivities towards azamethiphos, one that was rapidly inactivated and one that was very slowly inactivated. To our knowledge this is the first report of target‐site resistance towards organophosphates in a third class of arthropods, the Crustacea. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry