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Low glyphosate doses change reproduction and produce tolerant offspring in dense populations of Hordeum vulgare
Author(s) -
Belz Regina G,
Sinkkonen Aki
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.6522
Subject(s) - biology , offspring , glyphosate , reproduction , population , pesticide , hordeum vulgare , agronomy , botany , zoology , poaceae , ecology , genetics , pregnancy , demography , sociology
Abstract BACKGROUND Low toxin doses that do not affect mean responses in plant populations can still change the growth of subpopulations. Studies covering vegetative stages ascribed fast‐growing plants higher thresholds for growth stimulation and inhibition, compared with the rest of the population. We hypothesized that such selective effects also play a role after reproduction; that is, the offspring of glyphosate‐treated tolerant, fast‐growing phenotypes is more tolerant than the offspring of untreated plants. An experimental, high‐density barley population was exposed to a range of glyphosate concentrations in the greenhouse, and reproduction and final growth were analyzed for selective effects. Therefore, F0, F1 treated and F1 non‐treated offspring were re‐exposed to glyphosate. RESULTS Low doses of glyphosate inhibited the growth and reproduction of slow‐growing plants at concentrations that did not change the population mean. Concentrations that inhibited average‐sized plants hormetically increased the biomass and seed yield of fast‐growing plants. Compared with F0 and F1 non‐treated offspring, F1‐treated offspring from hormetically stimulated fast‐growing plants were more glyphosate tolerant. Hence, a pesticide can shape the reproductive pattern of a plant population and alter offspring tolerance at concentrations that have no effect on average yield. CONCLUSIONS Toxin levels that do not change the population mean still alter the reproductive output of individuals. Sensitive phenotypes suffer, whereas the reproduction of tolerant phenotypes is boosted compared with toxin‐free conditions. Because glyphosate is one of the leading herbicides in the world, tolerant phenotypes may benefit from current agricultural practices. If these results apply to other toxicants, low toxin doses may increase the fitness of tolerant phenotypes in a way not previously anticipated. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.