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Development and preventative effect against pine wilt disease of a novel liquid formulation of emamectin benzoate
Author(s) -
Takai Kazuya,
Suzuki Toshio,
Kawazu Kazuyoshi
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.651
Subject(s) - wilting , wilt disease , emamectin , emamectin benzoate , bursaphelenchus xylophilus , distilled water , chromatography , chemistry , toxicology , biology , pesticide , horticulture , nematode , agronomy , ecology
Injection of the poorly water‐soluble emamectin benzoate (EB) into pine trunks required the development of an efficient liquid formulation. For injection into big trees in forests a good rate of injection and a high active content were required. Tests on the viscosity and EB‐solubilizing ability of 14 various solubilizers in diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (DGMBE) led to the selection of Sorpol SM‐100PM as the solubilizer of the formulation. Relationships between the solubilizing ability and amounts of Sorpol SM‐100PM and DGMBE relative to that of EB, and between the concentration of the latter and the viscosity or the injection rate of the formulation led to a novel 40 g litre −1 emamectin benzoate formulation (Shot Wan Liquid Formulation), which was composed of EB (40), Sorpol SM‐100PM (120), DGMBE (160) and distilled water (50 g litre −1 ) in methanol. Injection of this formulation at a dose of 10 g EB per unit volume of pine tree prevented over 90% of the trees from wilting caused by pine wood nematode, and this preventative effect continued for 3 years. Neither discolouration of the leaves nor injury around the injection hole on the trees was observed after injection of the formulation. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry