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Laboratory selection, resistance risk assessment, multi‐resistance, and management of Tetranychus urticae Koch to bifenthrin, bifenazate and cyflumetofen on cowpea
Author(s) -
Liu Zhenxiu,
Zhou Lijuan,
Yao Qiang,
Liu Yaqian,
Bi Xiaoyang,
Huang Jiguang
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.5723
Subject(s) - bifenthrin , tetranychus urticae , acaricide , biology , bioassay , toxicology , population , microbiology and biotechnology , pest analysis , horticulture , pesticide , agronomy , genetics , medicine , environmental health
BACKGROUND Tetranychus urticae ( T. urticae ) Koch is an important pest of vegetable crops worldwide. In this study, bioassays were carried out to analyze the resistance risk, multi‐resistance and management of T. urticae Koch to bifenthrin, bifenazate and cyflumetofen on cowpea. RESULTS The resistance ratios of the adult T. urticae population to bifenthrin (G16), bifenazate (G12) and cyflumetofen (G12) were 31.29, 9.38 and 5.81, respectively. Realized heritability ( h 2 ) analysis showed that, under a selection pressure of 50–90% mortality, the generations needed to increase 10‐fold LC 50 values of bifenthrin, bifenazate and cyflumetofen were 3.64–8.05, 5.75–12.71, and 10.93–24.15, respectively. No obvious multi‐resistance among these three acaricides was observed. Synergist bioassay results showed that microsomal multifunctional oxidase (MFO) was involved in bifenthrin resistance of T. urticae , with a synergistic ratio of 22.38. However, MFO and GSTs were not the main factors conferring the resistance to bifenazate. MFO, glutathione S‐transferases(GSTs), together with esterase contributed to the development of the resistance to cyflumetofen. Additionally, the toxicity selection index test showed that bifenazate was safe to the natural enemy Neoseiulus barkeri ( N. barkeri ) with a toxicity selection index (TSI) >484.85, while bifenthrin was the least safe (TSI = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated the T. urticae developed higher resistance risk to bifenthrin compared to bifenazate and cyflumetofen and no obvious multi‐resistance among these three acaricides, providing guidance for designing appropriate strategies for the effective application of bifenthrin, bifenazate and cyflumetofen in the field and delaying the development of insecticide resistance. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry