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Dynamics of insecticide resistance in Bemisia tabaci : a case study with the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen
Author(s) -
Horowitz A Rami,
Kontsedalov Svetlana,
Denholm Ian,
Ishaaya Isaac
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.545
Subject(s) - pyriproxyfen , biology , insect growth regulator , resistance (ecology) , greenhouse , toxicology , insecticide resistance , pesticide resistance , agronomy , pesticide , insect , ecology
The dynamics of pyriproxyfen resistance in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) have been studied intensively in cotton fields and greenhouses in Israel. High resistance to pyriproxyfen evolved one year after its introduction for use on flowers in greenhouses, after three successive applications. After ten years of pyriproxyfen use in cotton fields, with only one application per season, a high level of resistance was observed, but its rate of development differed among localities. It is hypothesized that these differences reflect temporal and spatial variations in the availability of alternative host plants for B tabaci , and that pyriproxyfen resistance evolved most readily in geographically isolated areas. It is also likely that the occurrence and development of resistance is partially biotype‐related. Pyriproxyfen use has ceased in high‐resistance localities, but in areas with low frequencies of resistance, cotton growers have continued to achieve acceptable control of B tabaci with pyriproxyfen. Due to the absence of applications of pyriproxyfen in some cotton fields, resistance levels tended to decline between 1998 and 2001. Laboratory experiments support the hypothesis that this decline reflects, in part, fitness costs associated with pyriproxyfen resistance. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry