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Control of root‐knot nematodes using Waltheria indica producing 4‐quinolone alkaloids
Author(s) -
Jang Ja Yeong,
Le Dang Quang,
Choi Gyung Ja,
Park Hae Woong,
Kim JinCheol
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.5363
Subject(s) - meloidogyne incognita , terra incognita , biology , oxamyl , root knot nematode , nematode , bursaphelenchus xylophilus , wettable powder , horticulture , population , biological pest control , botany , pesticide , agronomy , chemical control , ecology , demography , sociology
BACKGROUND Waltheria indica exhibited strong nematocidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita , a causal agent of root‐knot nematode disease. This study aimed to characterize the nematocidal metabolites and to evaluate the efficacy of the formulated extract of W. indica in the biological control of M. incognita under both pot and field conditions. RESULTS Three 4‐quinolone alkaloids, 5′‐methoxywaltherione A, waltherione A and waltherione C, were isolated and characterized as nematocidal metabolites. 5′‐Methoxywaltherione A and waltherione A caused high mortality in juveniles of Meloidogyne arenaria , Meloidogyne hapla , M. incognita and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , whereas waltherione C exhibited significant nematocidal activity against only root‐knot nematodes. In pot experiments, application of a wettable powder‐type formulation of the ethyl acetate extract of W. indica ( W. indica WP20) at 26.7, 53.4 and 106.8 mg a.i. kg −1 soil significantly reduced the formation of galls and egg masses on the roots of tomato plants in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, application of 20 mg a.i. per plant W. indica WP20 effectively reduced gall formation on the roots of melon plants and population density of nematode in soil compared with untreated control under field conditions. CONCLUSION W. indica can be used as an effective botanical nematicide in the eco‐friendly control of root‐knot nematode disease. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry