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Contrasting patterns of variation in weedy traits and unique crop features in divergent populations of US weedy rice ( Oryza sativa sp .) in Arkansas and California
Author(s) -
Kanapeckas Kimberly L,
Tseng TeMing,
Vigueira Cynthia C,
Ortiz Aida,
Bridges William C,
Burgos Nilda R,
Fischer Albert J,
LawtonRauh Amy
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.4820
Subject(s) - weedy rice , biology , weed , oryza sativa , agronomy , seed dispersal , ecotype , domestication , panicle , crop , red rice , seed dormancy , biological dispersal , dormancy , botany , ecology , population , germination , biochemistry , demography , sociology , gene
BACKGROUND Weed evolution from crops involves changes in key traits, but it is unclear how genetic and phenotypic variation contribute to weed diversification and productivity. Weedy rice is a conspecific weed of rice ( Oryza sativa ) worldwide. We used principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering to understand how morphologically and evolutionarily distinct US weedy rice populations persist in rice fields in different locations under contrasting management regimes. Further, we used a representative subset of 15 sequence‐tagged site fragments of expressed genes from global Oryza to assess genome‐wide sequence variation among populations. RESULTS Crop hull color and crop‐overlapping maturity dates plus awns, seed (panicle) shattering (> 50%), pigmented pericarp and stature variation (30.2% of total phenotypic variance) characterize genetically less diverse California weedy rice. By contrast, wild‐like hull color, seed shattering (> 50%) and stature differences (55.8% of total phenotypic variance) typify genetically diverse weedy rice ecotypes in Arkansas. CONCLUSION Recent de‐domestication of weedy species – such as in California weedy rice – can involve trait combinations indistinguishable from the crop. This underscores the need for strict seed certification with genetic monitoring and proactive field inspection to prevent proliferation of weedy plant types. In established populations, tillage practice may affect weed diversity and persistence over time. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry