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Molecular analysis of cyenopyrafen resistance in the two‐spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae
Author(s) -
Khalighi Mousaalreza,
Dermauw Wannes,
Wybouw Nicky,
Bajda Sabina,
Osakabe Masahiro,
Tirry Luc,
Van Leeuwen Thomas
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.4071
Subject(s) - tetranychus urticae , acaricide , spider mite , piperonyl butoxide , biology , cross resistance , genetics , gene , tetranychus , drug resistance , pesticide , mite , toxicology , botany , agronomy
Abstract BACKGROUND Cyenopyrafen is a recently developed acaricide with a new mode of action as a complex II inhibitor. However, it was recently shown that cross‐resistance to cyenopyrafen can occur in resistant field strains of Tetranychus urticae , which might be linked to the previous use of classical METI acaricides. Here, we selected for cyenopyrafen resistance and studied the molecular mechanisms that underlie resistance. RESULTS Selection for cyenopyrafen resistance confers cross‐resistance to the complex II inhibitor cyflumetofen, but also to pyridaben, a frequently used complex I inhibitor. Cyenopyrafen resistance is highly synergised by piperonyl butoxide, and a 15‐fold higher P450 activity was detected in the resistant strain. Target‐site resistance was not detected. Genome‐wide gene expression data, followed by a meta‐analysis of previously obtained gene expression data, revealed the overexpression specifically of CYP392A11 and CYP392A12 . CONCLUSIONS Cyenopyrafen resistance is strongly linked to the overexpression of two P450s, which probably explains the observed cross‐resistance. This information is highly valuable, as the novel complex II inhibitors cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen are in the process of worldwide registration. The role of both CYP392A11 and CYP392A12 should be further supported by functional expression, but they are very promising candidates as molecular diagnostic markers for monitoring cyenopyrafen susceptibility in the field. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry