Premium
Insecticide resistance alleles in wetland and residential populations of the West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens in New Jersey
Author(s) -
Johnson Brian J,
Fonseca Dina M
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.4011
Subject(s) - knockdown resistance , culex pipiens , biology , pyrethroid , malathion , west nile virus , genetics , insecticide resistance , vector (molecular biology) , allele , culex , virology , pesticide resistance , pesticide , veterinary medicine , toxicology , virus , ecology , gene , larva , cyfluthrin , recombinant dna , medicine
BACKGROUND In spite of the extensive use of insecticides to control Culex pipiens in the aftermath of West Nile virus, knowledge of the spatial distribution and frequency of insecticide resistance in this species is poorly understood in the United States. This paper reports on the occurrence of upregulated esterases that detoxify organophosphates ( OPs ) and mutations conferring resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in natural and developed areas of New Jersey. RESULTS We report the first observations of the OP resistance alleles Ester B1 and Ester 2 and the classical knockdown resistance ( kdr ) mutation L1014F in New Jersey Cx. pipiens . Upregulated Ester B1 peaked at 23% (mean ± SE = 12 ± 2.3%) and Ester 2 at 14% (8 ± 1.8%), and both were widely distributed. L1014F , which confers strong resistance to pyrethroids when homozygous, was also widely distributed and ranged in frequency from 2 to 19% (5.1% heterozygous individuals and 1.4% homozygous). CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that OP resistance is common and broadly distributed in New Jersey Cx. pipiens , and that homozygous individuals resistant to pyrethroids are present. Further, we have detected double mutants at Ester and kdr, a condition that may annul the purging effects of insecticide rotations. Our results therefore indicate the need for continued monitoring of insecticide resistance in order to achieve effective mosquito control. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry