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Effect of temperature, organic amendment rate and moisture content on the degradation of 1,3‐dichloropropene in soil
Author(s) -
Dungan Robert S,
Gan Jianying,
Yates Scott R
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.400
Subject(s) - loam , amendment , chemistry , degradation (telecommunications) , environmental chemistry , manure , water content , bromide , moisture , environmental science , agronomy , soil water , soil science , organic chemistry , telecommunications , geotechnical engineering , biology , political science , computer science , law , engineering
1,3‐Dichloropropene (1,3‐D), which consists of two isomers, ( Z )‐ and ( E )‐1,3‐D, is considered to be a viable alternative to methyl bromide, but atmospheric emission of 1,3‐D is often associated with deterioration of air quality. To minimize environmental impacts of 1,3‐D, emission control strategies are in need of investigation. One approach to reduce 1,3‐D emissions is to accelerate its degradation by incorporating organic amendments into the soil surface. In this study, we investigated the ability of four organic amendments to enhance the rate of degradation of ( Z )‐ and ( E )‐1,3‐D in a sandy loam soil. Degradation of ( Z )‐ and ( E )‐1,3‐D was well described by first‐order kinetics, and rates of degradation for the two isomers were similar. Composted steer manure (SM) was the most reactive of the organic amendments tested. The half‐life of both the ( Z )‐ and ( E )‐isomers in unamended soil at 20 °C was 6.3 days; those in 5% SM‐amended soil were 1.8 and 1.9 days, respectively. At 40 °C, the half‐life of both isomers in 5% SM‐amended soil was 0.5 day. Activation energy values for amended soil at 2, 5 and 10% SM were 56.5, 53.4 and 64.5 kJ mol −1 , respectively. At 20 °C, the contribution of degradation from biological mechanisms was largest in soil amended with SM, but chemical mechanisms still accounted for more than 58% of the ( Z )‐ and ( E )‐1,3‐D degradation. The effect of temperature and amendment rate upon degradation should be considered when describing the fate and transport of 1,3‐D isomers in soil. Use of organic soil amendments appears to be a promising method to enhance fumigant degradation and reduce volatile emissions. Published in 2001 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd