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Evaluation of entomopathogenic nematodes and the supernatants of the in vitro culture medium of their mutualistic bacteria for the control of the root‐knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria
Author(s) -
Kepenekci Ilker,
Hazir Selcuk,
Lewis Edwin E
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.3998
Subject(s) - terra incognita , heterorhabditis bacteriophora , meloidogyne incognita , photorhabdus luminescens , biology , photorhabdus , heterorhabditis , nematode , xenorhabdus , biological pest control , symbiotic bacteria , root knot nematode , nematology , botany , bacteria , bacterial wilt , entomopathogenic nematode , horticulture , symbiosis , ecology , genetics
BACKGROUND The suppressive effects of various formulations of four entomopathogenic nematode ( EPN ) species and the supernatants of their mutualistic bacteria on the root‐knot nematodes ( RKNs ) Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria in tomato roots were evaluated. The EPNs Steinernema carpocapsae , S. feltiae , S. glaseri and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were applied as either live infective juveniles ( IJs ) or infected insect cadavers. Spent medium from culturing the bacterial symbionts Xenorhabdus bovienii and Photorhabdus luminescens kayaii with the cells removed was also applied without their nematode partners. RESULTS The aqueous suspensions of IJs , infected cadaver applications of EPNs and especially treatments of X. bovienii supernatant suppressed the negative impact of RKNs on tomatoes. Specific responses to treatment were reduced RKN egg masses, increased plant height and increased fresh and dry weights compared with the control where only RKNs were applied. CONCLUSION Among the treatments tested, the plant‐dipping method of X. bovienii into bacterial culture fluid may be the most practical and effective method for M. incognita and M. arenaria control. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry