Premium
Development of multifunctional metabolic synergists to suppress the evolution of resistance against pyrethroids in insects that blood feed on humans
Author(s) -
Hardstone Melissa C,
Strycharz Joseph P,
Kim Junheon,
Park IlKwon,
Yoon Kyong Sup,
Ahn Young Joon,
Harrington Laura C,
Lee Si Hyeock,
Clark J Marshall
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.3856
Subject(s) - piperonyl butoxide , permethrin , pyrethroid , deltamethrin , toxicology , biology , pesticide , cyfluthrin , pharmacology , cypermethrin , ecology
BACKGROUND Pyrethroids are the insecticides of choice when exposure to humans is likely, such as occurs in vector and public‐health‐related control programs. Unfortunately, the pyrethroids share a common resistance mechanism with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ( DDT ), knockdown resistance ( kdr ), and prior extensive use of DDT has predisposed the pyrethroids to cross‐resistance via kdr . Given the widespread occurrence of kdr , the use of synergists with pyrethroids is considered to be prudent to guard against the selection of multiply resistant insects. RESULTS 3‐Phenoxybenzyl hexanoate ( PBH ) was synthesized as a multifunctional pyrethroid synergist that, besides being a surrogate substrate for sequestration/hydrolytic carboxylesterases, now also functions as a substrate for oxidative xenobiotic metabolism. The addition of PBH to permethrin‐treated females of the ISOP450 strain of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus resulted in a threefold increase in synergism, as judged by the synergistic ratio. Similarly, PBH synergized the action of deltamethrin sixfold on females of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius , and was 2.8‐fold more synergistic than piperonyl butoxide ( PBO ). CONCLUSIONS PBH synergized the action of both type I and type II pyrethroids in a mosquito vector ( Cx. p. quinquefasciatus ) and in a public‐health pest, C. lectularius , respectively, indicating a broad spectrum of action on blood‐feeding insects. PBH appears to have residual properties similar to permethrin and is itself non‐toxic, unlike PBO , and therefore should be compatible with existing pyrethroid formulations used for insecticide‐treated nets and home/residential sprays. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry