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Variation in mortality among populations is higher for pymetrozine than for imidacloprid and spiromesifen in Trialeurodes vaporariorum in greenhouses in Finland
Author(s) -
Ovčarenko Irina,
Lindström Leena,
Saikkonen Kari,
Vänninen Irene
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.3766
Subject(s) - imidacloprid , trialeurodes , greenhouse whitefly , biology , population , greenhouse , toxicology , crop , pest analysis , agronomy , veterinary medicine , homoptera , horticulture , pesticide , demography , medicine , sociology
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance in Trialeurodes vaporariorum W. is unknown in the species' northern distribution range where it inhabits mainly commercial greenhouses. Resistance development in whiteflies feeding on year‐round crops in greenhouses is possible owing to the use of chemical treatments to back up biocontrol. The authors tested the response levels to spiromesifen, pymetrozine and imidacloprid in whiteflies collected from seven greenhouses within a 35 km radius in western Finland. RESULTS All except one ( PR ) population had LC 50 values below the recommended concentrations for the tested compounds. However, some populations showed reduced susceptibility to pymetrozine in comparison with the reference susceptible population. Resistance ratios to pymetrozine were highly variable (resistance ratio 0.5–39.7), even among closely located greenhouses, and higher than those for imidacloprid (resistance ratio 1.05–10.5) and spiromesifen (resistance ratio 0.8–11.5). LC 50 values and application frequencies of pymetrozine correlated positively among the sampled populations. CONCLUSION High variation in resistance levels to pymetrozine among populations within natural whitefly dispersal limits reflects variation in the usage of this compound among individual greenhouse crop producers. Thus, resistance management is recommended at the individual greenhouse crop producer level, even in a dense production cluster. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry