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Characterization of multiple‐herbicide‐resistant Italian ryegrass ( Lolium perenne spp. multiflorum )
Author(s) -
Liu Mingyang,
Hulting Andrew G,
MallorySmith Carol A
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.3665
Subject(s) - acetolactate synthase , imazapyr , biology , hexazinone , lolium multiflorum , glyphosate , lolium perenne , population , agronomy , lolium , shikimic acid , botany , poaceae , weed control , gene , genetics , biochemistry , demography , sociology
BACKGROUND Multiple‐herbicide resistance in Lolium perenne spp. multiflorum has evolved in many areas in Oregon. To manage the resistant populations, the resistance patterns must be determined. In this study, a population ( CT ) suspected to be resistant to sulfometuron and hexazinone was collected from a Christmas tree plantation . RESULTS The CT population is resistant to at least six herbicides with four different mechanisms of action: atrazine (>16‐fold), diuron (2.4‐fold), glyphosate (7.4‐fold), hexazinone (3.1‐fold), imazapyr (1.8‐fold) and sulfometuron (>16‐fold). Two mutations, Trp‐591‐Leu and Ser‐264‐Gly, were identified in the acetolactate synthase ( ALS ) and psb A gene respectively. No previously reported mutation in the 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene was found. Less shikimic acid accumulated in the CT plants than in the susceptible plants after treatment with glyphosate at 0.6 kg AE ha −1 . CONCLUSION This study suggests that the multiple resistance patterns of Lolium perenne spp. multiflorum populations can be complex, but that chemical control options to manage these populations exist. These remaining chemical options should be integrated with non‐chemical management strategies to slow the spread of multiple‐resistant biotypes in agroecosystems. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry