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The prediction of blood–tissue partitions, water–skin partitions and skin permeation for agrochemicals
Author(s) -
Abraham Michael H,
Gola Joelle MR,
Ibrahim Adam,
Acree William E,
Liu Xiangli
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.3658
Subject(s) - in vivo , partition coefficient , agrochemical , permeation , saline , distribution (mathematics) , chemistry , partition (number theory) , biological system , biomedical engineering , chromatography , mathematics , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , membrane , anesthesia , medicine , ecology , mathematical analysis , agriculture , combinatorics
BACKGROUND There is considerable interest in the blood–tissue distribution of agrochemicals, and a number of researchers have developed experimental methods for in vitro distribution. These methods involve the determination of saline–blood and saline–tissue partitions; not only are they indirect, but they do not yield the required in vivo distribution . RESULTS The authors set out equations for gas–tissue and blood–tissue distribution, for partition from water into skin and for permeation from water through human skin. Together with Abraham descriptors for the agrochemicals, these equations can be used to predict values for all of these processes. The present predictions compare favourably with experimental in vivo blood–tissue distribution where available. The predictions require no more than simple arithmetic . CONCLUSIONS The present method represents a much easier and much more economic way of estimating blood–tissue partitions than the method that uses saline–blood and saline–tissue partitions. It has the added advantages of yielding the required in vivo partitions and being easily extended to the prediction of partition of agrochemicals from water into skin and permeation from water through skin. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry