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Green nanoemulsion‐laden glyphosate isopropylamine formulation in suppressing creeping foxglove ( A. gangetica ), slender button weed ( D. ocimifolia ) and buffalo grass ( P. conjugatum )
Author(s) -
Lim Chaw Jiang,
Basri Mahiran,
Omar Dzolkhifli,
Abdul Rahman Mohd Basyaruddin,
Salleh Abu Bakar,
Raja Abdul Rahman Raja Noor Zaliha
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.3371
Subject(s) - isopropylamine , glyphosate , pesticide , weed , weed control , penetration (warfare) , pulmonary surfactant , active ingredient , chemistry , agronomy , biology , mathematics , bioinformatics , biochemistry , operations research
BACKGROUND: Pesticides are developed with carriers to improve their physicochemical properties and, accordingly, the bioefficacy of the applied formulation. For foliar‐applied herbicide, generally less than 0.1% of the active ingredient reaching the target site could reduce pesticide performance. Recently, a carrier of nanoemulsion consisting of oil, surfactant and water, with a particle size of less than 200 nm, has been shown to enhance drug permeability for skin penetration in pharmaceutical delivery systems. In the present work, the aim was to formulate a water‐soluble herbicide, glyphosate isopropylamine (IPA), using a green nanoemulsion system for a biological activity study against the weeds creeping foxglove, slender button weed and buffalo grass. RESULTS: The nanoemulsion formulations displayed a significantly lower spray deposition on creeping foxglove (2.9–3.5 ng cm −2 ), slender button weed (2.6–2.9 ng cm −2 ) and buffalo grass (1.8–2.4 ng cm −2 ) than Roundup ® (3.7–5.1 ng cm −2 ). The visible injury rates of weeds treated with the nanoemulsion formulations were statistically equivalent to those relating to Roundup ® at 14 days after treatment, with a control range of 86.67–96.67%. CONCLUSION: It was hypothesised that the significant difference in spray deposition with equal injury rates can be attributed to enhanced bioactivity of the nanoemulsion formulations. This initial discovery could be the platform for developing better penetration of agrochemical formulations in the future. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry