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Entomopathogens ( Beauveria bassiana and Steinernema carpocapsae ) for biological control of bark‐feeding moth Indarbela dea on field‐infested litchi trees
Author(s) -
Schulte Marie Joy,
Martin Konrad,
Büchse Andreas,
Sauerborn Joachim
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.1653
Subject(s) - beauveria bassiana , bassiana , larva , biology , entomopathogenic fungus , biological pest control , entomopathogenic nematode , bark (sound) , toxicology , horticulture , botany , ecology
Abstract BACKGROUND: The bark‐feeding moth Indarbela dea (Swinhoe) is one of the major pests of litchi ( Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in Asia. Effects on larval mortality and web production were tested by repeated, single and combined tree trunk applications of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser). Two separate application trials were conducted in different seasons on young and older larvae respectively. RESULTS: In both trials, complete or nearly complete mortality (100% and 95%) of the larvae was achieved 3 weeks after application of S. carpocapsae alone and 2 weeks after the combined application of B. bassiana and S. carpocapsae (100% in both trials). However, in the combined application, all larvae were killed by one treatment, while the application of S. carpocapsae alone needed to be repeated to reach the same result. The effectiveness of the combined entomopathogen application and of the application of S. carpocapsae alone was not influenced by the age of the larvae. However, the single applications of B. bassiana were only effective on young larvae. In both trials, web production of surviving larvae was very significantly reduced by the application of S. carpocapsae in single and combined treatments. CONCLUSIONS: As the results show, only one application is necessary in the combined application of the two entomopathogens to control I. dea , which implies that such treatment is probably the economically most relevant solution. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry