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Nematicidal activity of anion transport blockers against Meloidogyne incognita, Caenorhabditis elegans and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
Author(s) -
Boina Dhana Raj,
Lewis Edwin E,
Bloomquist Jeffrey R
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.1591
Subject(s) - heterorhabditis bacteriophora , caenorhabditis elegans , meloidogyne incognita , biology , biological pest control , ivermectin , nematode , terra incognita , botany , zoology , ecology , genetics , gene
BACKGROUND: Because methyl bromide has been phased out as a soil sterilant, new nematicides are urgently needed. Four different chemical classes of organic acids acting as anion transport (AT) blockers were tested against a free‐living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans Maupas, a plant‐parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, and an entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, in toxicity bioassays. The materials tested were DIDS (4,4′‐diisothiocyanatostilbene‐2,2′‐disulfonic acid), 9‐AC (anthracene‐9‐carboxylic acid), NPPB [5‐nitro‐2‐(3‐phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid] and IAA‐94 (indanyloxyacetic acid). RESULTS: All the compounds showed slowly developing nematicidal activity against second‐stage juveniles of M. incognita and adults of C. elegans , but not against H. bacteriophora infective‐stage juveniles. The LC 50 values of these compounds were < 50 mg L −1 after 48 and 72 h incubation, while at 168 h incubation the LC 50 values were < 10 mg L −1 for both sensitive species. Across both species and time, the LC 50 values generally differed no more than twofold among the four compounds tested in this study. In contrast, none of the compounds (200 mg L −1 ) caused more than control mortality to H. bacteriophora , even after 168 h of incubation. CONCLUSION: These compounds are potential leads for commercial nematicides. The insensitivity to H. bacteriophora is consistent with the natural exposure of this nematode to DST (3,5‐dihydroxy‐4‐isopropylstilbene), a stilbene produced by its symbiotic bacterium. Based on the known activity of the compounds used in this study, it is suggested that anion transporters form the probable target sites for DIDS, 9‐AC, NPPB and IAA‐94 in nematodes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry

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