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Metabolic mechanisms of insecticide resistance in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)
Author(s) -
Espinosa Pedro J,
Contreras Josefina,
Quinto Vicente,
Grávalos Carolina,
Fernández Esther,
Bielza Pablo
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
pest management science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.296
H-Index - 125
eISSN - 1526-4998
pISSN - 1526-498X
DOI - 10.1002/ps.1069
Subject(s) - piperonyl butoxide , methamidophos , deltamethrin , endosulfan , toxicology , biology , fenvalerate , western flower thrips , acetamiprid , pesticide , chemistry , botany , thripidae , imidacloprid , pest analysis , agronomy
The interactions between six insecticides (methiocarb, formetanate, acrinathrin, deltamethrin, methamidophos and endosulfan) and three potential synergists (piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S , S , S ‐tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl maleate (DEM)) were studied by topical exposure in strains selected for resistance to each insecticide, and in a susceptible strain of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). In the susceptible strain PBO produced appreciable synergism only of formetanate, methiocarb and methamidophos. Except for endosulfan, PBO synergized all the insecticides to varying degrees in the resistant strains. A very high level of synergism by PBO was found with acrinathrin, which reduced the resistance level from 3344‐ to 36‐fold. PBO slightly synergized the carbamates formetanate (4.6‐fold) and methiocarb (3.3‐fold). PBO also produced a high synergism of deltamethrin (12.5‐fold) and methamidophos (14.3‐fold) and completely restored susceptibility to both insecticides. DEF did not produce synergism with any insecticide in the resistant strains and DEM was slightly synergistic to endosulfan (3‐fold). These studies indicate that an enhanced detoxification, mediated by cytochrome P‐450 monooxygenases, is the major mechanism imparting resistance to different insecticides in F occidentalis . Implications of different mechanisms in insecticide resistance in F occidentalis are discussed. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry