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Gas flare systems—Last line defense
Author(s) -
Vallavanatt Rimon,
Self Freeman
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
process safety progress
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.378
H-Index - 40
eISSN - 1547-5913
pISSN - 1066-8527
DOI - 10.1002/prs.12226
Subject(s) - refinery , flare , waste management , combustion , environmental science , engineering , forensic engineering , aerospace engineering , chemistry , organic chemistry
Process gas flares are considered a key equipment in a refinery, chemical, production, or LNG plant for controlled high‐efficiency combustion of unwanted gases during malfunction, startup, shutdown, and maintenance, but gas flaring also produces some undesirable by‐products such as noise, smoke, heat radiation, light, and pollutants. This paper will focus on combustion aspects. It will cover details for gas flares including burners, structures, as well as operational factors, flaring regulations, and flaring reduction. On the other hand, it will not discuss details well covered in complementary American Petroleum Institute standards such as flare headers, collection of liquids and knock‐out drums, mitigation of air ingress and seals, flare pilots, and flame monitoring.