Open AccessIntestinal, portal, and peripheral profiles of daikenchuto ( TU ‐100)'s active ingredients after oral administration
Author(s) -
Watanabe Junko,
Kaifuchi Noriko,
Kushida Hirotaka,
Matsumoto Takashi,
Fukutake Miwako,
Nishiyama Mitsue,
Yamamoto Masahiro,
Kono Toru
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
pharmacology research and perspectives
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.975
H-Index - 27
ISSN - 2052-1707
DOI - 10.1002/prp2.165
Subject(s) - active ingredient , ginseng , small intestine , pharmacology , absorption (acoustics) , medicine , systemic circulation , first pass effect , drug , chemistry , traditional medicine , pathology , physics , alternative medicine , acoustics
A pharmaceutical grade Japanese traditional medicine, daikenchuto ( TU ‐100), consisting of Japanese pepper, processed ginger, and ginseng, has been widely used for various intestinal disorders in Japan and now under development as a new therapeutic drug in the US . It is suggested that TU ‐100 ingredients exert pharmacological effects on intestines via two routes, from the luminal side before absorption and the peripheral blood stream after absorption. Therefore, in order to fully understand the pharmacological actions of TU ‐100, it is critically important to know the intraluminal amounts and forms of ingested TU ‐100 ingredients. In the present study, after administrating TU ‐100 to rats, the concentrations of TU ‐100 ingredients and their conjugates in the peripheral and portal blood and ileal contents were determined by LC ‐ MS / MS . Next, TU ‐100 was administered to patients with ileostomy bags, but whose small intestines are diagnosed as healthy, and the ingredients/conjugates in the ileal effluent were analyzed. The results suggest that: (1) Pepper ingredients hydroxysanshools are rapidly absorbed and enter systemic circulation, (2) Ginseng ingredients ginsenosides are transported to the colon with the least absorption, (3) Ginger ingredients gingerols are absorbed and some conjugated in the small intestine and transported via the portal vein. While only a small amount of gingerols/gingerol conjugates enter systemic circulation, considerable amounts reappear in the small intestine. Thus, the effect of TU ‐100 on the intestines is believed to be a composite of multiple actions by multiple compounds supplied via multiple routes.