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STAT3 phosphorylation is required for the HepaCAM‐mediated inhibition of castration‐resistant prostate cancer cell viability and metastasis
Author(s) -
Tan Bing,
Chen Xiaoming,
Fan Yanru,
Yang Yuanjuan,
Yang Junjie,
Tan Li
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
the prostate
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.295
H-Index - 123
eISSN - 1097-0045
pISSN - 0270-4137
DOI - 10.1002/pros.24141
Subject(s) - mmp2 , viability assay , cancer research , metastasis , western blot , prostate cancer , cell growth , cell migration , mmp9 , stat3 , cell , biology , medicine , cancer , downregulation and upregulation , phosphorylation , microbiology and biotechnology , gene , biochemistry , genetics
Background Castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an advanced disease that is difficult to treat, the mechanism of it is unclear. This study illustrated the function of hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (HepaCAM) on CRPC cell viability and metastasis. Methods The expression of HepaCAM and p‐STAT3 in CRPC tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Cell Counting Kit‐8 and colony formation assays were deployed to analyze the growth ability of CRPC cells following the adenovirus‐mediated re‐expression of HepaCAM. CRPC cell migration and invasion capacity were investigated by wound healing and Matrigel‐coated transwell assays, respectively. The messenger RNA or protein levels of p‐STAT3, CyclinD1, cMyc, MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF were determined by reverse transcription (RT) followed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), and western blot analysis after either HepaCAM re‐expression alone or in combination with IL‐22 treatment. A CRPC orthotopic xenograft mouse model was applied to investigate the functional effect of HepaCAM on the metastasis of CRPC cells to the lungs. Results The expression levels of HepaCAM were decreased while those of p‐STAT3 were elevated in CRPC cells compare with surrounding benign tissues ( p < .001). The overexpression of HepaCAM in CRPC cells notably reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting the expression of p‐STAT3, CyclinD1, cMyc, MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF ( p < .05). In addition, the expression of HepaCAM significantly inhibited the IL‐22/p‐STAT3 axis and the metastasis of CRPC cells to the lungs. Conclusions Our data suggested that HepaCAM suppressed the viability of CRPC cells via the IL‐22/p‐STAT3 axis and inhibited the metastasis of CRPC cells from the prostate to the lungs ( p < .05).