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Extracorporeal shock wave therapy decreases COX‐2 by inhibiting TLR4‐NFκB pathway in a prostatitis rat model
Author(s) -
Jeon Seung Hwan,
Zhu Guan Qun,
Kwon Eun Bi,
Lee Kyu Won,
Cho Hyuk Jin,
Ha USyn,
Hong SungHoo,
Lee Ji Youl,
Bae Woong Jin,
Kim Sae Woong
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
the prostate
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.295
H-Index - 123
eISSN - 1097-0045
pISSN - 0270-4137
DOI - 10.1002/pros.23880
Subject(s) - prostatitis , medicine , inflammation , tlr4 , prostate , western blot , lipopolysaccharide , apoptosis , in vivo , immunohistochemistry , endocrinology , urology , chemistry , biology , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , cancer , gene
Background This study aims to evaluate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and to explore the mechanism. Methods RWPE‐2 cells were randomly divided into three groups: (a) RWPE‐2 group (normal control), (b) LPS groups (lipopolysaccharide inducing inflammation) and (c) ESWT groups (LPS induced RWPE‐2 treated by ESWT). After ESWT was administered, cells and supernatant were collected for enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. In vivo, Sprague‐Dawley rats ( n = 30) were randomly divided into three groups: (a) normal control group, (b) prostatitis groups, and (c) ESWT groups. Prostatitis rats were induced by 17 β‐estradiol and dihydrotestosterone for 4 weeks. After ESWT, prostates of each group were collected for immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and ELISA. Results ESWT improved prostatitis by attenuating inflammation ( P < .01). ESWT downregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) through inhibiting TLR4‐NFκB pathway compared with the LPS group in vitro or prostatitis group in vivo ( P < .05). TRAF2 mediates ERK1/2‐COX2 pathway. ESWT promotes prostate tissue recovery by stimulating vascular endothelial growth factor expression ( P < .01). ESWT could suppress apoptosis in the prostate. Conclusions ESWT improved CP/CPPS and reduced inflammation by degrading COX‐2 in microenvironment through TLR4‐NFκB‐inhibiting pathway. TRAF2 regulator in ERK1/2‐COX‐2 inhibition significantly reduced inflammation, thus suggesting ESWT may be a potential and promising treatment for CP/CPPS.