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Smoking increased the risk of prostate cancer with grade group ≥ 4 and intraductal carcinoma in a prospective biopsy cohort
Author(s) -
Tang Bo,
Han ChengTao,
Gan HuaLei,
Zhang GuiMing,
Zhang CuiZhu,
Yang WeiYi,
Shen Ying,
Zhu Yao,
Ye DingWei
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the prostate
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.295
H-Index - 123
eISSN - 1097-0045
pISSN - 0270-4137
DOI - 10.1002/pros.23354
Subject(s) - medicine , prostate cancer , prospective cohort study , incidence (geometry) , cohort , biopsy , logistic regression , carcinoma , cohort study , prostate , cancer , prostate biopsy , gynecology , physics , optics
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between smoking and different prostate cancer (PCa) pathological subtypes incidence in Chinese men. PATIENTS AND METHODS We prospectively included 1795 patients who underwent prostate biopsies in one tertiary center between March 2013 and April 2016. Clinical data and biopsy outcomes were collected. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and PCa incidence. RESULTS A total of 737 men, 480 men and 58 men were diagnosed with PCa, high‐grade PCa (HGPCa, grade group ≥ 4 as accepted by the 2014 ISUP) and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC‐P), respectively. Current smokers had a significantly higher risk of HGPCa than never smokers ( OR = 1.89, 95%CI: 1.44‐2.48). No such association was observed for low‐grade disease and cigarette smoking ( OR = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.61‐1.16). In a sub‐analysis, men who had smoked longer than 30 years had a higher risk of HGPCa, compared with men who had smoked fewer than 30 years ( OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.09‐2.06). Current smokers were more likely to develop IDC‐P than never smokers ( OR = 2.29, 95%CI: 1.14‐4.59). CONCLUSION Among men in this Chinese biopsy cohort, current smoking was associated with highly malignant PCa incidence, such as HGPCa and IDC‐P. The duration of smoking may be associated with HGPCa.