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Nanomechanical biomarkers of single circulating tumor cells for detection of castration resistant prostate cancer
Author(s) -
Osmulski Pawel,
Mahalingam Devalingam,
Gaczynska Maria E.,
Liu Joseph,
Huang Susan,
Horning Aaron M.,
Wang ChiouMiin,
Thompson Ian M.,
Huang Tim H.M.,
Chen ChunLiang
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
the prostate
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.295
H-Index - 123
eISSN - 1097-0045
pISSN - 0270-4137
DOI - 10.1002/pros.22846
Subject(s) - prostate cancer , circulating tumor cell , atomic force microscopy , castration , medicine , prostate , phenotype , pathology , cancer , cancer research , biology , metastasis , nanotechnology , materials science , hormone , genetics , gene
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence shows that nanomechanical phenotypes of circulating tumor cells (CTC) could become potential biomarkers for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). METHODS To determine the nanomechanical phenotypes of CTCs we applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) employing the PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical (QNM) imaging. We assessed biophysical parameters (elasticity, deformation, and adhesion) of 130 CTCs isolated from blood samples from five castration sensitive (CS) and 12 castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa) patients. RESULTS We found that CTCs from CRPCa patients are three times softer, three times more deformable, and seven times more adhesive than counterparts from CSPCa patients. Both nonsupervised hierarchical clustering and principle component analysis show that three combined nanomechanical parameters could constitute a valuable set to distinguish between CSPCa and CRPCa. CONLUSIONS Our study indicates that nanomechanical phenotypes of CTCs may serve as novel and effective biomarkers for mCRPC. Prostate 74: 1297–1307, 2014 . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.