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Periprostatic adipose tissue from obese prostate cancer patients promotes tumor and endothelial cell proliferation: A functional and MR imaging pilot study
Author(s) -
Venkatasubramanian Palamadai N.,
Brendler Charles B.,
Plunkett Beth A.,
Crawford Susan E.,
Fitchev Philip S.,
Morgan Gina,
Cornwell Mona L.,
McGuire Michael S.,
Wyrwicz Alice M.,
Doll Jennifer A.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
the prostate
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.295
H-Index - 123
eISSN - 1097-0045
pISSN - 0270-4137
DOI - 10.1002/pros.22756
Subject(s) - medicine , adipose tissue , prostate cancer , prostate , cancer , pathology , oncology
Abstract BACKGROUND Obesity, particularly visceral adiposity, confers a worse prognosis for prostate cancer (PCa) patients, and increasing periprostatic adipose (PPA) tissue thickness or density is positively associated with more aggressive disease. However, the cellular mechanism of this activity remains unclear. Therefore, in this pilot study, we assessed the functional activity of PPA tissue secretions and established a biochemical profile of PPA as compared to subcutaneous adipose (SQA) tissues from lean, overweight and obese PCa patients. METHODS Adipose tissues were collected from PCa patients undergoing surgical prostate removal. Tissues were analyzed by histologic and magnetic resonance (MR) techniques. Explant tissue culture secretions were used in proliferation assays on PCa and endothelial cells. RESULTS PPA secretions obtained from obese patients were significantly more pro‐proliferative in both PCa and endothelial cells as compared to PPA obtained from lean or overweight men and SQA tissues. Consistent with this, PPA microvessel density was increased, and the T 2 relaxation time was decreased, compared to SQA tissues, and we observed a modest, inverse correlation between the T 2 and tumor stage. Moreover, the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids, obtained using MR spectroscopy, showed a modest, inverse correlation with Gleason score. CONCLUSIONS These pilot data show that PPA stimulates PCa cell proliferation and angiogenesis and that obesity intensifies this activity, thus generating a mechanistic hypothesis to explain the worse prognosis observed in obese PCa patients. Our pilot study also shows that MR technology may be useful in further elucidating the relationship between obesity and PCa progression. Prostate 74:326–335, 2014 . © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.