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Genistein versus ICI 182, 780: An ally or enemy in metastatic progression of prostate cancer
Author(s) -
Nakamura Hisae,
Wang Yuwei,
Xue Hui,
Romanish Mark T.,
Mager Dixie L.,
Helgason Cheryl D.,
Wang Yuzhuo
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
the prostate
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.295
H-Index - 123
eISSN - 1097-0045
pISSN - 0270-4137
DOI - 10.1002/pros.22712
Subject(s) - genistein , prostate cancer , androgen receptor , cancer research , metastasis , estrogen , estrogen receptor , estrogen receptor beta , tumor progression , medicine , tissue microarray , prostate , cancer , carcinogenesis , androgen , estrogen receptor alpha , endocrinology , breast cancer , hormone
BACKGROUND Androgen signalling through the androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in prostate cancer (PCa) initiation and progression. Estrogen in synergy with androgen is essential for cell growth of the normal and malignant prostate. However, the exact role that estrogen and the estrogen receptor play in prostate carcinogenesis remains unclear. We have previously demonstrated the metastasis‐promoting effect of an estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) agonist (genistein) in a patient‐derived PCa xenograft model mimicking localized and metastatic disease. METHODS To test the hypothesis that the tumor‐promoting activity of genistein was due to its estrogenic properties, we treated the xenograft‐bearing mice with genistein and an anti‐estrogen compound (ICI 182, 780) and compared the differential gene expression using microarrays. RESULTS Using a second xenograft model which was derived from another patient, we showed that genistein promoted disease progression in vivo and ICI 182, 780 inhibited metastatic spread. The microarray analysis revealed that the metallothionein ( MT ) gene family was differentially expressed in tumors treated by these compounds. Using qRT‐PCR, the differences in expression levels were validated in the metastatic and non‐metastatic LTL313 PCa xenograft tumor lines, both of which were originally derived from the same PCa patient. CONCLUSIONS Together our data provide evidence that genistein stimulates and ICI 182, 780 inhibits metastatic progression, suggesting that these effects may be mediated by ERβ signalling. Prostate 73:1747–1760, 2013 . © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.