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Early growth response 1 and fatty acid synthase expression is altered in tumor adjacent prostate tissue and indicates field cancerization
Author(s) -
Jones Anna C.,
Trujillo Kristina A.,
Phillips Genevieve K.,
Fleet Trisha M.,
Murton Jaclyn K.,
Severns Virginia,
Shah Satyan K.,
Davis Michael S.,
Smith Anthony Y.,
Griffith Jeffrey K.,
Fischer Edgar G.,
Bisoffi Marco
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
the prostate
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.295
H-Index - 123
eISSN - 1097-0045
pISSN - 0270-4137
DOI - 10.1002/pros.22465
Subject(s) - field cancerization , prostate cancer , prostate , prostatectomy , pathology , cancer , pca3 , biopsy , cancer research , biology , medicine
BACKGROUND Field cancerization denotes the occurrence of molecular alterations in histologically normal tissues adjacent to tumors. In prostate cancer, identification of field cancerization has several potential clinical applications. However, prostate field cancerization remains ill defined. Our previous work has shown up‐regulated mRNA of the transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR‐1) and the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FAS) in tissues adjacent to prostate cancer. METHODS Immunofluorescence data were analyzed quantitatively by spectral imaging and linear unmixing to determine the protein expression levels of EGR‐1 and FAS in human cancerous, histologically normal adjacent, and disease‐free prostate tissues. RESULTS EGR‐1 expression was elevated in both structurally intact tumor adjacent (1.6× on average) and in tumor (3.0× on average) tissues compared to disease‐free tissues. In addition, the ratio of cytoplasmic versus nuclear EGR‐1 expression was elevated in both tumor adjacent and tumor tissues. Similarly, FAS expression was elevated in both tumor adjacent (2.7× on average) and in tumor (2.5× on average) compared to disease‐free tissues. CONCLUSIONS EGR‐1 and FAS expression is similarly deregulated in tumor and structurally intact adjacent prostate tissues and defines field cancerization. In cases with high suspicion of prostate cancer but negative biopsy, identification of field cancerization could help clinicians target areas for repeat biopsy. Field cancerization at surgical margins on prostatectomy specimen should also be looked at as a predictor of cancer recurrence. EGR‐1 and FAS could also serve as molecular targets for chemoprevention. Prostate 72:1159–1170, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.