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AMACR polymorphisms, dietary intake of red meat and dairy and prostate cancer risk
Author(s) -
Wright Jonathan L.,
Neuhouser Marian L.,
Lin Daniel W.,
Kwon Erika M.,
Feng Ziding,
Ostrander Elaine A.,
Stanford Janet L.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
the prostate
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.295
H-Index - 123
eISSN - 1097-0045
pISSN - 0270-4137
DOI - 10.1002/pros.21267
Subject(s) - red meat , prostate cancer , single nucleotide polymorphism , medicine , odds ratio , white meat , population , genotype , cancer , biology , food science , environmental health , genetics , pathology , gene
Abstract BACKGROUND Alpha‐methylacyl CoA racemase (AMACR) is an enzyme involved in fatty acids metabolism. One of AMACRs primary substrates, phytanic acid, is principally obtained from dietary red meat/dairy, which are associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk. AMACR is also a tumor tissue biomarker over‐expressed in PCa. In this study, we explored the potential relationship between AMACR polymorphisms, red meat/dairy intake, and PCa risk. METHODS Caucasian participants from two population‐based PCa case–control studies were included. AMACR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected to capture variation across the gene and regulatory regions. Red meat and dairy intake was determined from food frequency questionnaires. The odds ratio (OR) of PCa (overall and by disease aggressiveness) was estimated by logistic and polytomous regression. Potential interactions between genotypes and dietary exposures were evaluated. RESULTS Data from 1,309 cases and 1,267 controls were analyzed. Carriers of the variant T allele (rs2287939) had an OR of 0.81 (95% CI 0.68–0.97) for less aggressive PCa, but no alteration in risk for more aggressive PCa. Red meat consumption was positively associated with PCa risk, and the association was stronger for more aggressive disease (lowest vs. highest tertile OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.10–2.20). No effect modification of AMACR polymorphisms by either dietary red meat or dairy intake on PCa risk was observed. CONCLUSIONS PCa risk varied by level of red meat intake and by one AMACR SNP, but there was no evidence for gene–environment interaction. These findings suggest that the effects of AMACR polymorphisms and red meat and dairy on PCa risk are independent. Prostate 77:498–506, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.