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GOLPH2 and MYO6: Putative prostate cancer markers localized to the Golgi apparatus
Author(s) -
Wei Shuanzeng,
Dunn Thomas A.,
Isaacs William B.,
De Marzo Angelo M.,
Luo Jun
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
the prostate
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.295
H-Index - 123
eISSN - 1097-0045
pISSN - 0270-4137
DOI - 10.1002/pros.20806
Subject(s) - golgi apparatus , prostate cancer , prostate , pca3 , biology , pathology , carcinogenesis , cancer , tissue microarray , cancer research , microbiology and biotechnology , immunohistochemistry , medicine , endoplasmic reticulum , genetics
BACKGROUND Malignant transformation is often accompanied by morphological and functional alterations in subcellular organelles. The Golgi apparatus is a subcellular structure primarily involved in modification and sorting of macromolecules for secretion and transport to other cellular destinations. Molecular alterations associated with the Golgi apparatus may take place during prostate carcinogenesis but such alterations have not been documented. METHODS To demonstrate that the Golgi apparatus undergoes alterations during prostate carcinogenesis, we examined the expression and localization of two candidate molecules, Golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GOLPH2) and myosin VI (MYO6), both overexpressed in prostate cancer as initially identified by expression microarray analysis. RESULTS Elevated GOLPH2 expression in prostate cancers was validated through real‐time RT‐PCR, Western blot, and tissue microarray analysis, and its Golgi localization in surgical prostate cancer tissues confirmed using two‐color immunofluorescence. In addition, distinctive juxtanuclear MYO6 staining pattern consistent with Golgi localization was observed in surgical prostate cancer tissues. Two‐color immunofluorescence revealed intensive Golgi‐specific staining for both GOLPH2 and myosin VI in prostate cancer cells but not in the adjacent normal prostate epithelium. CONCLUSIONS We show that the Golgi apparatus in prostate cancer cells differs from the normal Golgi by elevated levels of two molecules, GOLPH2 and MYO6. These results for the first time demonstrated consistent cancer cell‐specific alterations in the molecular composition of the Golgi apparatus. Such alterations can be explored for discovery of novel prostate cancer biomarkers through targeted organellar approaches. Prostate 68: 1387–1395, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.