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Three new serum markers for prostate cancer detection within a percent free PSA‐based artificial neural network
Author(s) -
Stephan Carsten,
Xu Chuanliang,
Brown David A.,
Breit Samuel N.,
Michael Anja,
Nakamura Terukazu,
Diamandis Eleftherios P.,
Meyer Hellmuth,
Cammann Henning,
Jung Klaus
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
the prostate
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.295
H-Index - 123
eISSN - 1097-0045
pISSN - 0270-4137
DOI - 10.1002/pros.20381
Subject(s) - prostate cancer , prostate , medicine , hyperplasia , urology , prostate specific antigen , prostate biopsy , logistic regression , macrophage migration inhibitory factor , oncology , cancer , cytokine
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the value of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC‐1), human kallikrein 11 (hK11) migration inhibitor factor (MIF) in comparison to prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and %fPSA and also to develop a %fPSA‐based ANN with the new input factors to determine whether these additional markers can further eliminate unnecessary prostate biopsies. METHODS Serum samples from 371 patients with prostate cancer (PCa, n = 135) or benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH, n = 236) within the PSA range 0.5–20 µg/L were analyzed for total PSA, free PSA, MIC‐1, hK11, and MIF. ‘Leave one out’ ANN models with these variables and prostate volume were constructed and compared to logistic regression (LR) and all single parameters. RESULTS The discriminatory power of MIC‐1, hK11, and MIF was less than that for PSA despite significant differences in BPH compared to PCa patients. At 90% and 95% sensitivity, the artificial neural networks (ANNs) were only significantly better than %fPSA if prostate volume was included. CONCLUSIONS ANNs with the novel input factors of MIC‐1, MIF, and/or hK11 and additional use of prostate volume demonstrated significant advantage compared with %fPSA and tPSA and may lead to a reduction in unnecessary prostate biopsies. Prostate 66:651–659, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.