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GLUT , SGLT , and SWEET : Structural and mechanistic investigations of the glucose transporters
Author(s) -
Deng Dong,
Yan Nieng
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
protein science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.353
H-Index - 175
eISSN - 1469-896X
pISSN - 0961-8368
DOI - 10.1002/pro.2858
Subject(s) - major facilitator superfamily , transporter , glucose transporter , symporter , superfamily , glucose homeostasis , biochemistry , carbohydrate metabolism , chemistry , biology , computational biology , diabetes mellitus , insulin , insulin resistance , gene , microbiology and biotechnology , endocrinology
Glucose is the primary fuel to life on earth. Cellular uptake of glucose is a fundamental process for metabolism, growth, and homeostasis. Three families of secondary glucose transporters have been identified in human, including the major facilitator superfamily glucose facilitators GLUTs, the sodium‐driven glucose symporters SGLTs, and the recently identified SWEETs. Structures of representative members or their prokaryotic homologs of all three families were obtained. This review focuses on the recent advances in the structural elucidation of the glucose transporters and the mechanistic insights derived from these structures, including the molecular basis for substrate recognition, alternating access, and stoichiometric coupling of co‐transport.