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Characterizing antiprion compounds based on their binding properties to prion proteins: Implications as medical chaperones
Author(s) -
Kamatari Yuji O.,
Hayano Yosuke,
Yamaguchi Keiichi,
HosokawaMuto Junji,
Kuwata Kazuo
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
protein science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.353
H-Index - 175
eISSN - 1469-896X
pISSN - 0961-8368
DOI - 10.1002/pro.2180
Subject(s) - surface plasmon resonance , drug discovery , chemistry , plasma protein binding , small molecule , in vitro , biophysics , biochemistry , in vivo , binding site , binding affinities , biology , receptor , genetics , nanoparticle , nanotechnology , materials science
A variety of antiprion compounds have been reported that are effective in ex vivo and in vivo treatment experiments. However, the molecular mechanisms for most of these compounds remain unknown. Here we classified antiprion mechanisms into four categories: I, specific conformational stabilization; II, nonspecific stabilization; III, aggregation; and IV, interaction with molecules other than PrP C . To characterize antiprion compounds based on this classification, we determined their binding affinities to PrP C using surface plasmon resonance and their binding sites on PrP C using NMR spectroscopy. GN8 and GJP49 bound specifically to the hot spot in PrP C , and acted as “medical chaperones” to stabilize the native conformation. Thus, mechanisms I was predominant. In contrast, quinacrine and epigallocathechin bound to PrP C rather nonspecifically; these may stabilize the PrP C conformation nonspecifically including the interference with the intermolecular interaction following mechanism II. Congo red and pentosan polysulfate bound to PrP C and caused aggregation and precipitation of PrP C , thus reducing the effective concentration of prion protein. Thus, mechanism III was appropriate. Finally, CP‐60, an edarabone derivative, did not bind to PrP C . Thus these were classified into mechanism IV. However, their antiprion activities were not confirmed in the GT + FK system, whose details remain to be elucidated. This proposed antiprion mechanisms of diverse antiprion compounds could help to elucidate their antiprion activities and facilitate effective antiprion drug discovery.