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CL‐20 Evaporative Crystallization under Reduced Pressure
Author(s) -
Maksimowski Paweł,
Tchórznicki Paweł
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.56
H-Index - 65
eISSN - 1521-4087
pISSN - 0721-3115
DOI - 10.1002/prep.201500201
Subject(s) - crystallization , evaporation , materials science , crystal (programming language) , solvent , crystal growth , process (computing) , chemical engineering , crystallography , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , thermodynamics , chromatography , organic chemistry , physics , computer science , engineering , programming language , operating system
The effect of parameters of the CL‐20 crystallization process carried out by solvent removal by evaporation in vacuo on shape, polymorph type, crystal size, and on their shock sensitivity was studied. The CL‐20 crystallization process by this technique was shown to allow a precise control of the crystallization process parameters and of the process run. The o ‐xylene/ ethyl acetate system proved to be highly effective. Selecting suitable values of the parameters such as: pressure, process time, temperature, stirring rate, CL‐20 crystals were obtained in the ε form (even with no need for inoculation of the crystallization system with polymorph ε seeds) and of the shape close to a spherical one. The crystal growth modifiers added allowed to additionally control the shape and size of the CL‐20 crystals formed and to produce crystals of reduced impact and friction sensitivity.