Evaluation of Nano‐Co 3 O 4 in HTPB‐Based Composite Propellant Formulations

Different propellant compositions were prepared by incorporating nano‐sized cobalt oxide from 0.25 % to 1 % in HTPB/AP/Al‐based composite propellant formulations with 86 % solid loading. The effects on viscosity build‐up, thermal, mechanical and ballistic properties were studied. The findings revealed that by increasing the percentage of nano‐Co 3 O 4 in the composition, the end of mix viscosity, the modulus and the tensile strength increased, whereas the elongation decreased accordingly. The thermal property data envisaged a reduction in the decomposition temperature of ammonium perchlorate (AP) as well as formulations based on AP. The ballistic property data revealed an enhanced burning rate from 6.11 mm s −1 (reference composition) to 8.99 mm s −1 at 6.86 MPa and a marginal increase in pressure exponent from 0.35 (reference composition) to 0.42 with 1 % nano‐cobalt oxide.