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Bishydrazinium and Diammonium Salts of 4,4′,5,5′‐Tetranitro‐2,2′‐biimidazolate (TNBI): Synthesis and Properties
Author(s) -
Paraskos Alexander J.,
Cooke Edward D.,
Caflin Kelley C.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.56
H-Index - 65
eISSN - 1521-4087
pISSN - 0721-3115
DOI - 10.1002/prep.201400056
Subject(s) - aqueous solution , calorimetry , chemistry , elemental analysis , explosive material , cationic polymerization , thermal stability , glyoxal , thermal analysis , raman spectroscopy , ammonium acetate , nuclear chemistry , inorganic chemistry , polymer chemistry , thermal , organic chemistry , thermodynamics , physics , high performance liquid chromatography , optics
The diammonium ( 1 ) and bishydrazinium ( 2 ) salts of 4,4′,5,5′‐tetranitro‐2,2′‐biimidazolate (TNBI) were synthesized and their physical properties as well as predicted explosive performance characteristics are described. These dianionic salts are easily formed in good yields by reaction of TNBI with aqueous solutions of the cationic species. TNBI is synthesized from 2,2′‐biimidazole, which is ultimately synthesized by the condensation of aqueous glyoxal with ammonium acetate. The compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, vibrational (FT‐IR and Raman) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermal analysis (DSC, VTS and calorimetry), and small scale safety testing (impact, friction, ESD). The measured densities and heats of formation are reported. The materials show promise for use in IM explosive and propellant formulations due to the combination of their calculated performances, thermal stability and insensitivity to stimuli.