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Role of Additives in the Combustion of Ammonium Dinitramide
Author(s) -
Fujisato Koji,
Habu Hiroto,
Miyake Atsumi,
Hori Keiichi,
Vorozhtsov Alexander B.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.56
H-Index - 65
eISSN - 1521-4087
pISSN - 0721-3115
DOI - 10.1002/prep.201300148
Subject(s) - thermal decomposition , decomposition , non blocking i/o , combustion , copper , ammonium nitrate , chemistry , nanometre , phase (matter) , inorganic chemistry , chemical engineering , analytical chemistry (journal) , materials science , organic chemistry , catalysis , composite material , engineering
The thermal decomposition behavior and combustion characteristics of mixtures of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) with additives were studied. Micrometer‐sized particles of Al, Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , NiO, Cu(OH)NO 3 , copper, CuO, and nanometer‐sized particles of aluminum (Alex) and CuO (nano‐CuO) were employed. The thermal decomposition was measured by TG‐DTA and DSC. The copper compounds and NiO lowered the onset temperature of ADN decomposition. The heat value of ADN with Alex was larger than that of pure ADN in closed conditions. The burning rates and temperature of the pure ADN and ADN/additives mixtures were measured. CuO and NiO enhance the burning rate, particularly at pressures lower than 1 MPa, because of the catalyzed decomposition in the condensed phase; the other additives lower the burning rate. This negative effect on the burning rate is explained based on the surface temperature measurements by a physicochemical mechanism, which involves a chemical reaction, a phase change of the ammonium nitrate, and the blown‐off droplets of the condensed phase.