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Salts of Tetrazolone – Synthesis and Properties of Insensitive Energetic Materials
Author(s) -
Fischer Dennis,
Klapötke Thomas M.,
Stierstorfer Jörg
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.56
H-Index - 65
eISSN - 1521-4087
pISSN - 0721-3115
DOI - 10.1002/prep.201100108
Subject(s) - detonation , detonation velocity , elemental analysis , chemistry , deprotonation , raman spectroscopy , infrared spectroscopy , standard enthalpy of formation , explosive material , energetic material , single crystal , inorganic chemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , crystallography , organic chemistry , ion , physics , optics
Tetrazolone (5‐oxotetrazole, 1 ) is formed by diazotization of 5‐aminotetrazole in the presence of CuSO 4 . Nitrogen‐rich salts such as guanidinium ( 2 ), 1‐aminoguanidinium ( 3 ), 1,3‐diamino‐guanidinium ( 4 ), 1,3,5‐triamino‐guanidinium ( 5 ), ammonium ( 6 ), hydrazinium ( 7 ) and the hydroxylammonium ( 8 ) salts of tetrazolone were prepared by facile deprotonation or metathesis reactions. All compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman), multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and DSC measurements. The heats of formation of 2–8 were calculated using the atomization method based on CBS‐4M enthalpies. With these values and the experimental (X‐ray) densities several detonation parameters such as the detonation pressure, velocity, energy and temperature were computed using the EXPLO5 code (V.5.04). In addition, the sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrical discharge were tested using the BAM drop hammer and friction tester as well as a small scale electrical discharge device.