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Knudsen Effusion Measurement of Organic Peroxide Vapor Pressures
Author(s) -
Damour Paul L.,
Freedman Andrew,
Wormhoudt Joda
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.56
H-Index - 65
eISSN - 1521-4087
pISSN - 0721-3115
DOI - 10.1002/prep.200900083
Subject(s) - vapor pressure , boiling point , analytical chemistry (journal) , knudsen number , melting point , atmospheric temperature range , chemistry , thermodynamics , materials science , physics , organic chemistry
The vapor pressures of TATP over the temperature range 269.85–306.95 K and DADP over the temperature range 265.85–294.85 K were determined using a modified Knudsen effusion apparatus. The Clausius‐Clapeyron plot of log 10 ( p (Pa)) with 1/ T provided a straight line for each material. This expression for TATP is log 10 ( p (Pa))=−(4497±80)/ T (K)+(15.86±0.28) (error limits are 95 % confidence limits) and for DADP it is log 10 ( p (Pa))=−(4417±137)/ T (K)+(16.31±0.48). These expressions yield values of the vapor pressure at 298.15 K of 6 Pa for TATP and 17 Pa for DADP, and heats of sublimation of 86.2±1.5 kJ mol −1 for TATP and 84.6±2.6 kJ mol −1 for DADP. Attempts were made to determine the vapor pressure of HMTD but it appears to have a vapor pressure too low for our system to reliably determine. A two month experiment did provide an upper limit estimate for the vapor pressure of HMTD of approximately 0.04 Pa at room temperature. Melting point and melting point range were used as verification of the identity and purity of the TATP and DADP used in these experiments, but this was not possible with HMTD since it detonates prior to melting.