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A Determination of the Hansen Solubility Parameters of Hexanitrostilbene (HNS)
Author(s) -
Williams Darren L.,
Kuklenz Karl D.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.56
H-Index - 65
eISSN - 1521-4087
pISSN - 0721-3115
DOI - 10.1002/prep.200800045
Subject(s) - solubility , endothermic process , enthalpy , hildebrand solubility parameter , thermodynamics , dissolution , solvent , chemistry , standard molar entropy , gibbs free energy , entropy of mixing , mixing (physics) , organic chemistry , adsorption , physics , quantum mechanics
Abstract The temperature‐dependent solubility of hexanitrostilbene (HNS) [CAS# 20062‐22‐0] was determined in ten solvents and solvent blends using the Tyndall effect. Thermodynamic modeling of the data yielded Flory interaction parameters, the molar enthalpy of mixing, the molar entropy of mixing, and the molar Gibbs energy of mixing. All solutions exhibited endothermic enthalpies and positive entropies of mixing. The presence of water in some of the solvent blends made dissolution increasingly endothermic and disfavored solubility. The solubilities of HNS at 25 °C were used to determine the three‐component Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) ( δ D =18.6, δ P =13.5, δ H =6.1 MPa 1/2 ) and the radius of the solubility sphere ( R 0 =5.8 MPa 1/2 ). The HSP determined for HNS using group‐additivity ( δ D =21.0, δ P =13.3, and δ H =8.6 MPa 1/2 ) also correctly predicted the optimum solvents for this explosive.