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Proteomics and Leishmaniasis: Potential Clinical Applications
Author(s) -
CapelliPeixoto Janaína,
Mule Simon Ngao,
Tano Fabia Tomie,
Palmisano Giuseppe,
Stolf Beatriz Simonsen
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
proteomics – clinical applications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.948
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1862-8354
pISSN - 1862-8346
DOI - 10.1002/prca.201800136
Subject(s) - leishmaniasis , disease , identification (biology) , leishmania , proteomics , medicine , intensive care medicine , vaccination , immunology , biology , pathology , parasite hosting , computer science , ecology , biochemistry , world wide web , gene
Leishmaniases are diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania . They are endemic in 98 countries, affect around 12 million people worldwide and may present several distinct clinical forms. Unfortunately, there are only a few drugs available for treatment of leishmaniasis, which are toxic and not always effective. Different parasite species and different clinical forms require optimization of the treatment or more specific therapies, which are not available. The emergence of resistance is also a matter of concern. Besides, diagnosis can sometimes be complicated due to atypical manifestations and associations with other pathologies. In this review, proteomic data are presented and discussed in terms of their application in important issues in leishmaniasis such as parasite resistance to chemotherapy, diagnosis of active disease in patients and dogs, markers for different clinical forms, identification of virulence factors, and their potential use in vaccination. It is shown that proteomics has contributed to the discovery of potential biomarkers for prognosis, diagnosis, therapeutics, monitoring of disease progression, treatment follow‐up and identification of vaccine candidates for specific diseases. However, the authors believe its capabilities have not yet been fully explored for routine clinical analysis for several reasons, which will be presented in this review.