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S 100 A 9, GIF and AAT as potential combinatorial biomarkers in gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis
Author(s) -
Wu Wei,
Juan Wen Chun,
Liang Cynthia R. M. Y.,
Yeoh Khay Guan,
So Jimmy,
Chung Maxey C. M.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
proteomics – clinical applications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.948
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1862-8354
pISSN - 1862-8346
DOI - 10.1002/prca.201100050
Subject(s) - biomarker , carcinoembryonic antigen , diagnostic biomarker , cancer , gastric fluid , proteome , gastritis , medicine , biomarker discovery , proteomics , stomach , bioinformatics , chemistry , biology , gene , chromatography , biochemistry
Purpose We have mined the gastric fluid proteome for potential gastric cancer ( GC ) biomarkers that may enhance disease detection and facilitate prognostic monitoring. Experimental design In biomarker discovery, a total of 12 patient gastric fluid samples (stages I, III, IV and gastritis) were analysed by 2 DE for expression changes that correlated with GC status or disease progression. Gastric fluid proteins showing differential expression with GC were identified by MALDI ‐ TOF / TOF MS as putative biomarkers. Levels of these potential biomarker candidates were independently validated by W estern blotting in further 60 gastritis and GC patients. A targeted approach that recruits biomarker candidates for panel consideration was adopted to test if two or more biomarkers in combination improved diagnostic power. Results From the 15 differentially regulated proteins identified, expression levels of S 100 A 9, GIF and AAT in the gastric fluid clearly correlated with GC status. S 100 A 9/ AAT ( AUC = 0.81) and S 100 A 9/ GIF ( AUC = 0.92) were revealed as promising biomarker pairs for early GC diagnosis and disease monitoring, respectively. Conclusion and clinical relevance Early diagnosis, accurate staging and constant disease monitoring remain the prerequisites for effective treatment against GC . As current biomarkers like CA 19–9 and carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA ) lack sensitivity and specificity, there is a pressing need for novel GC detection and monitoring methods. To this end, S 100 A 9, GIF and AAT from the gastric fluid may significantly augment existing methods of GC detection and monitoring, and eliminate the need for invasive tissue biopsies.