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Analysis of the human immune response to vaccinia by use of a novel protein microarray suggests that antibodies recognize less than 10% of the total viral proteome
Author(s) -
Schmid Kara,
Keasey Sarah L.,
Pittman Phillip,
Emerson Ginny L.,
Meegan James,
Tikhonov Alexander P.,
Chen Gengxin,
Schweitzer Barry,
Ulrich Robert G.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
proteomics – clinical applications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.948
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1862-8354
pISSN - 1862-8346
DOI - 10.1002/prca.200780113
Subject(s) - vaccinia , smallpox vaccine , proteome , smallpox , virology , modified vaccinia ankara , biology , antibody , vaccination , immune system , orthopoxvirus , virus , immunity , immunology , poxviridae , protein microarray , microarray , gene , gene expression , bioinformatics , genetics , recombinant dna
Control of smallpox by mass vaccination was one of the most effective public health measures ever employed for eradicating a devastating infectious disease. However, new methods are needed for monitoring smallpox immunity within current vulnerable populations, and for the development of replacement vaccines for use by immunocompromized or low‐responding individuals. As a measure for achieving this goal, we developed a protein microarray of the vaccinia virus proteome by using high‐throughput baculovirus expression and purification of individual elements. The array was validated with therapeutic‐grade, human hyperimmune sera, and these data were compared to results obtained from individuals vaccinated against smallpox using Dryvax. A high level of reproducibility with a very low background were apparent in repetitive assays that confirmed previously reported antigens and identified new proteins that may be important for neutralizing viral infection. Our results suggest that proteins recognized by antibodies from all vaccinees constituted <10% of the total vaccinia proteome.