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Neonatal non‐invasive respiratory support: Physiological implications
Author(s) -
Shaffer Thomas H.,
Alapati Deepthi,
Greenspan Jay S.,
Wolfson Marla R.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
pediatric pulmonology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.866
H-Index - 106
eISSN - 1099-0496
pISSN - 8755-6863
DOI - 10.1002/ppul.22610
Subject(s) - medicine , bronchopulmonary dysplasia , mechanical ventilation , intensive care medicine , ventilation (architecture) , population , respiratory disease , noninvasive ventilation , lung , anesthesia , gestational age , pregnancy , mechanical engineering , genetics , environmental health , engineering , biology
The introduction of assisted ventilation for neonatal pulmonary insufficiency has resulted in the successful treatment of many previously fatal diseases. During the past three decades, refinement of invasive mechanical ventilation techniques has dramatically improved survival of many high‐risk neonates. However, as with many advances in medicine, while mortality has been reduced, morbidity has increased in the surviving high‐risk neonate. In this regard, introduction of assisted ventilation has been associated with chronic lung injury, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia. This disease, unknown prior to the appearance of mechanical ventilation, has produced a population of patients characterized by ventilator or oxygen dependence with serious accompanying pulmonary and neurodevelopmental morbidity. The purpose of this article is to review non‐invasive respiratory support methodologies to address the physiologic mechanisms by which these methods may prevent the pathophysiologic effects of invasive mechanical ventilation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:837–847. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.