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Formation Mechanism of Laser‐Synthesized Iron–Manganese Alloy Nanoparticles, Manganese Oxide Nanosheets and Nanofibers
Author(s) -
Zhang Dongshi,
Ma Zheng,
Spasova Marina,
Yelsukova Anna E.,
Lu Suwei,
Farle Michael,
Wiedwald Ulf,
Gökce Bilal
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
particle and particle systems characterization
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.877
H-Index - 56
eISSN - 1521-4117
pISSN - 0934-0866
DOI - 10.1002/ppsc.201600225
Subject(s) - nanoparticle , alloy , manganese , materials science , oxidizing agent , chemical engineering , nanomaterials , transmission electron microscopy , particle (ecology) , nanofiber , oxide , high resolution transmission electron microscopy , laser ablation , inorganic chemistry , nanotechnology , chemistry , metallurgy , organic chemistry , laser , engineering , oceanography , physics , optics , geology
Laser ablation in liquids (LAL) has emerged as a versatile approach for the synthesis of alloy particles and oxide nanomaterials. However, complex chemical reactions often take place during synthesis due to inevitable atomization and ionization of the target materials and decomposition/hydrolysis of solvent/solution molecules, making it difficult to understand the particle formation mechanisms. In this paper, a possible route for the formation of FeMn alloy nanoparticles as well as MnO x nanoparticles, ‐sheets, and ‐fibers by LAL is presented. The observed structural, compositional, and morphological variations are clarified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The studies suggest that a reaction between Mn atoms and Fe ions followed by surface oxidation result in nonstoichiometric synthesis of Fe‐rich FeMn@FeMn 2 O 4 core–shell alloy particles. Interestingly, a phase transformation from Mn 3 O 4 to Mn 2 O 3 and finally to Ramsdellite γ‐MnO 2 is accompanied by a morphology change from nanosheets to nanofibers in gradually increasing oxidizing environments. High‐resolution TEM images reveal that the particle‐attachment mechanism dominates the growth of different manganese oxides.