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Permafrost and groundwater conditions, Huola river basin, northeast China
Author(s) -
Wang Baolai
Publication year - 1990
Publication title -
permafrost and periglacial processes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.867
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1099-1530
pISSN - 1045-6740
DOI - 10.1002/ppp.3430010106
Subject(s) - permafrost , artesian aquifer , geology , borehole , groundwater flow , groundwater , geomorphology , structural basin , aquifer , hydrology (agriculture) , geotechnical engineering , oceanography
Permafrost and geohydrological investigations in a small basin in northeast China indicate that permafrost affects both the depth at which groundwater occurs and its artesian pressure. Artesian flow in the basin is common, and artesian head may be as much as 10 m above ground surface. The thickness of permafrost bears a close relationship to groundwater discharge (i.e. artesian flow rate), since a number of boreholes indicate that the greater the discharge, the thinner the permafrost. Over time the average rate of artesian flow from the boreholes decreases. The duration of flow depends on the rate of artesian flow, and permafrost temperature and thickness. Long‐term observations in areas where the permafrost is 70 m thick and has a mean annual ground temperature of −2.5°C indicate that if flow rate is larger than 0.8 l/s, flow continues for an indefinite period of time, but that if flow is less than 0.6 l/s, flow stops shortly. The difference in permafrost thickness, caused by the differential development of fractures and associated artesian head, may be as great as 50 m. Massive ground ice, with a thickness of more than 20 m, occurs in some boreholes at depth and is probably intrusive in nature.