Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as a high‐throughput phenotyping tool for quantifying protein quality in pulse crops

Abstract Fourier‐transform mid‐infrared (FT‐MIR) spectroscopy is a high‐throughput, cost‐effective method to quantify nutritional traits, such as total protein and sulfur‐containing amino acid (SAA) concentrations, in plant matter. This study used the spectroscopic technique FT‐MIR coupled with attenuated total internal reflectance sampling interface to develop multivariate models for total protein concentration in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum  L.), dry pea ( Pisum sativum L.), and lentil ( Lens culinaris  Medik.), in addition to SAA concentration in lentil. Total nitrogen data from combustion analysis and SAA data from high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis following acid hydrolysis were used for model calibration and validation. Models for the total protein concentration of chickpea (calibration root mean square error [RMSE] = 0.093, R 2  = 0.948, prediction RMSE = 0.10), dry pea (calibration RMSE = 0.096, R 2  = 0.845, prediction RMSE = 0.093), and lentil (calibration RMSE = 0.13, R 2  = 0.845, prediction RMSE = 0.11) utilized infrared regions associated with protein structures, namely amide bands A, I, and II. In sulfur‐related models for lentil total SAA (calibration RMSE = 0.014, R 2  = 0.827, prediction RMSE = 0.022) and methionine (calibration RMSE = 0.0075, R 2  = 0.815, prediction RMSE = 0.014) models utilized the C‐S and S‐CH 3 stretching and bending bands. Study findings support the conclusion that FT‐MIR spectroscopy is a promising high‐throughput and cost‐effective phenotyping technique that will allow quantifying protein traits quickly and easily in pulse crops.