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The penetration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species across the stratum corneum
Author(s) -
Duan Jiangwei,
Ma Mingyu,
Yusupov Maksudbek,
Cordeiro Rodrigo M.,
Lu Xinpei,
Bogaerts Annemie
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
plasma processes and polymers
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.644
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1612-8869
pISSN - 1612-8850
DOI - 10.1002/ppap.202000005
Subject(s) - stratum corneum , permeation , chemistry , penetration (warfare) , oxygen , lipid bilayer , bilayer , permeability (electromagnetism) , membrane , nitrogen , biophysics , analytical chemistry (journal) , chromatography , organic chemistry , biochemistry , medicine , pathology , operations research , engineering , biology
The penetration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) across the stratum corneum (SC) is a necessary and crucial process in many skin‐related plasma medical applications. To gain more insights into this penetration behavior, we combined experimental measurements of the permeability of dry and moist SC layers with computer simulations of model lipid membranes. We measured the permeation of relatively stable molecules, which are typically generated by plasma, namely H 2 O 2 , NO 3 − , and NO 2 − . Furthermore, we calculated the permeation free energy profiles of the major plasma‐generated RONS and their derivatives (i.e., H 2 O 2 , OH, HO 2 , O 2 , O 3 , NO, NO 2 , N 2 O 4 , HNO 2 , HNO 3 , NO 2 − , and NO 3 − ) across native and oxidized SC lipid bilayers, to understand the mechanisms of RONS permeation across the SC. Our results indicate that hydrophobic RONS (i.e., NO, NO 2 , O 2 , O 3 , and N 2 O 4 ) can translocate more easily across the SC lipid bilayer than hydrophilic RONS (i.e., H 2 O 2 , OH, HO 2 , HNO 2 , and HNO 3 ) and ions (i.e., NO 2 − and NO 3 − ) that experience much higher permeation barriers. The permeability of RONS through the SC skin lipids is enhanced when the skin is moist and the lipids are oxidized. These findings may help to understand the underlying mechanisms of plasma interaction with a biomaterial and to optimize the environmental parameters in practice in plasma medical applications.