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Evaluation of the anticancer effects induced by cold atmospheric plasma in 2D and 3D cell‐culture models
Author(s) -
Zhang Hao,
Zhang Jishen,
Liu Zhijie,
Xu Dehui,
Guo Li,
Liu Dingxin,
Kong Michael G.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
plasma processes and polymers
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.644
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1612-8869
pISSN - 1612-8850
DOI - 10.1002/ppap.201900072
Subject(s) - spheroid , apoptosis , chemistry , cytotoxicity , reactive oxygen species , biophysics , plasma , tumor cells , cell culture , oxygen , atmospheric pressure plasma , microbiology and biotechnology , cancer research , biochemistry , in vitro , biology , physics , genetics , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics
The biological characteristics of three‐dimensional (3D) tumors cannot be adequately represented through two‐dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Here, to acquire more precise information about plasma–tumor interactions, the plasma‐induced cytotoxicity was tested in both 2D cell culture and 3D tumor‐spheroid culture. The results indicated that the toxic effects were markedly reduced in 3D cancer cells compared with 2D cells. We found that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can penetrate through the entire depth of 3D tumor spheroid, but local apoptosis was observed only on the outermost layer. The permeation depth of plasma‐generated reactive species was then tracked in 3D tumor spheroids. We hypothesized that plasma‐induced apoptosis within a tumor depends on the “deep” delivery of H 2 O 2 , NO 2 − , and NO 3 − rather than O 2 − , OH•, and ONOOH/ONOO − .