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A systematic review and meta‐analysis of effects of psychosocial interventions on spiritual well‐being in adults with cancer
Author(s) -
McLouth Laurie E.,
Ford C. Graham,
Pustejovsky James E.,
Park Crystal L.,
Sherman Allen C.,
Trevino Kelly,
Salsman John M.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
psycho‐oncology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.41
H-Index - 137
eISSN - 1099-1611
pISSN - 1057-9249
DOI - 10.1002/pon.5562
Subject(s) - psychosocial , psychological intervention , meta analysis , medicine , randomized controlled trial , clinical psychology , quality of life (healthcare) , psychiatry , nursing
Objective Spiritual well‐being (SpWb) is an important dimension of health‐related quality of life for many cancer patients. Accordingly, an increasing number of psychosocial intervention studies have included SpWb as a study endpoint, and may improve SpWb even if not designed explicitly to do so. This meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluated effects of psychosocial interventions on SpWb in adults with cancer and tested potential moderators of intervention effects. Methods Six literature databases were systematically searched to identify RCTs of psychosocial interventions in which SpWb was an outcome. Doctoral‐level rater pairs extracted data using Covidence following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Standard meta‐analytic techniques were applied, including meta‐regression with robust variance estimation and risk‐of‐bias sensitivity analysis. Results Forty‐one RCTs were identified, encompassing 88 treatment effects among 3883 survivors. Interventions were associated with significant improvements in SpWb ( g = 0.22, 95% CI [0.14, 0.29], p < 0.0001). Studies assessing the FACIT‐Sp demonstrated larger effect sizes than did those using other measures of SpWb ( g = 0.25, 95% CI [0.17, 0.34], vs. g = 0.10, 95% CI [−0.02, 0.23], p = 0.03]. No other intervention, clinical, or demographic characteristics significantly moderated effect size. Conclusions Psychosocial interventions are associated with small‐to‐medium‐sized effects on SpWb among cancer survivors. Future research should focus on conceptually coherent interventions explicitly targeting SpWb and evaluate interventions in samples that are diverse with respect to race and ethnicity, sex and cancer type.